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| c. 90,000 years ago |
| | | Fossilized bones found in the caves of Skhul and Qafzeh, in modern Israel, are of anatomically modern humans | |
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| c. 12,000 years ago |
| | | A canine jaw, discovered in a cave in Mesopotamia, is the earliest evidence of the domestication of dogs | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | | Human communities in the Middle East cultivate crops and domesticate animals, in the Neolithic Revolution | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | | Wheat is grown in the Middle East - the first cereal cultivated by man | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | | Sheep are the first farm animals of which evidence of domestication survives, from a settlement in northern Iraq | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | | Jericho, often quoted as the first town, grows into a settlement covering ten acres | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | | Sun-dried bricks are used in the construction of buildings in Jericho | |
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| c. 8000 BC |
| | | The tower at Jericho is the world's earliest surviving fortification | |
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| c. 7000 BC |
| | | Neolithic communities in eastern Anatolia make implements of hammered copper - the first tentative step out of the Stone Age | |
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| 7000 BC |
| | | Barley is cultivated in the Middle East | |
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